OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It is a conceptual framework used to understand and implement standard protocols in network communications. The purpose of the OSI model is to standardize how different computing systems communicate over a network, ensuring interoperability between diverse hardware and software systems.
The OSI
model divides the communication process into seven layers, each
with a specific function:
1.
Physical Layer: Deals with the physical connection between devices and the
transmission of raw bit streams over a physical medium.
2.
Data Link Layer: Provides node-to-node data transfer and handles error
detection and correction from the physical layer.
3.
Network Layer: Manages device addressing, routing, and forwarding of data
packets between devices across different networks.
4.
Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer, error recovery, and flow
control between end systems.
5.
Session Layer: Manages sessions (connections) between applications, including
establishment, maintenance, and termination.
6.
Presentation Layer: Translates data between the application layer and the network
format, handling encryption, compression, and data translation.
7.
Application Layer: Provides interfaces and protocols for end-user applications to
access network services.
The OSI model serves as a universal standard for networking, enabling different systems to communicate seamlessly, regardless of their underlying architecture or technology.